The Smart Motor uses a Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller running at 16 MHz to process requests, measure speed and direction, monitor current, and control the motor via an H-Bridge. The H-Bridge, also from Texas Instruments, has automatic over current and over temperature protection. Speed and direction are measured via a built-in quadrature encoder that uses a wheel with tiny slots and light sensors. PID loops are processed internally to precisely control output speed and rotation. Current is measured as well to ensure motors don't get too hot in the heat of a battle. All this technology works together to make a Smart Motor that is simple, flexible, and powerful.